Research and Education in Robotics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Research and Education in Robotics. Answer: Introduction The development of robotics has been as a result of progressive desire for artificial intelligence. Scientists have always struggled to see how they can use machines to solve some of the problems human beings face (Obdrz?a?lek Gottscheber, 2014). The critical areas of science that have triggered the growth of robotics are electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and computer science. The knowledge and skills from these areas have been blended to make robots and in all honesty robots are automated. Automation of robots is all about feeding them with certain information, which will guide them on how they would conduct themselves when doing a certain task (Kim, Tadokoro, 2013). Besides, robots are used to carry out various roles, and again being machines they have the ability to make errors. Nevertheless, robots come in different types and that is to mean even their applications are vary. There are robots classified by the type of their application. In this type, there are industrial robots, which are to carry out industrial activities in the manufacturing sphere. Industrial robots will be tasked to weld, paint materials, and handle material. Further, by application there are also domestic robots, domestic robots, space robots, military robots, entertainment robots as well as competition robots (Deb, 2013). Another type of robots is based on kinematics and locomotion and examples include: stationary robots, wheeled robots, legged robots, swimming robots, flying robots and swarm robots. Most importantly, the types of robots are based on the activities they carry out. That is to imply that robotics technologies come in different ways depending on the use a particular robot is supposed to carry. As indicated on the introduction that robots come in different ways, because of their different uses. Domestic robots are used for vacuum cleaning, mowing the lawn and generally other odd jobs (Gupta, Arora, 2013). In essence, this use of robots has made most households to stay cleaner and again it is useful for the working class people, who do not have time to do some odd jobs at their homes. Robots also offer military services and indeed this is most applicable to the developed world, whose military is sophisticated. At this point in time, when the world is facing terrorism, robotic technology has helped scientists to develop military robots with the ability to conduct military tasks without exposing any military officer to danger. These military robots can be used to neutralize IEDs and other explosives implanted by, for example, terrorists especially on the battlefield targeting the military. Industrial robots and other robots with arms are used in car manufacturing. Car production is a herculean task but since the invention of robots, humans can use these robots to facilitate the production of cars (Gupta Arora, 2013). These robots have mechanical tools, sensors and wheels which increase their efficiency and that is why they build cars as quickly as possible. Understand that humans are not as first as robots, therefore they save time and boost car production. Further, these robots will install various features into cars, well and paint them. Robots have facilitated space exploration. Today, there are spacecraft that are sent to space to collect, and record information that helps the understanding of space. The fact that the space has various risks, and can cause some health risks to humans, space robots are now used, because they cannot be exposed to any health risks (In Mohammed, In Moreno, In Kong, In Amirat, 2015).. Indeed, these space robots have sensors and sometimes they can be controlled by scientists in various stations on land. Robots are also used for underwater exploration. See, it this way, it has been a challenge to understand ocean floor and entirely the aquatic life within the sea. But since, invention of robots oceanography has been facilitated and people are able to understand the ocean and also appreciate the beauty of aquatic life (Gupta Arora, 2013). Indeed, underwater exploration has helped prevent endangering human life below water, and thus robots have the ability to carry all the dangerous missions underwater. From the dangerous missions robots carry out underwater, scientists have been able to understand the various activities occurring on the ocean and how those activities affect human life. Robots are also used to conduct some surgeries on human beings. Because, they are programmed they have been able to carry out surgeries successfully. Understand that robots are eliminating human error and because of that they are used to conduct surgery (In Siciliano In Khatib, 2016). However, surgeon robots receive human assistance. A human surgeon would use, his computer to assist the robot in the surgical process. By and large, surgeon robots have significantly given the medical field a shot in the arm, and with time robotic technology is likely to take over medicine. Robots are using for mining (Gupta Arora, 2013). Mining is a dangerous mission, because sometimes the land can collapse and bury miners. Incidents of land collapsing and burying miners have been reported in South Africa, but all that can be avoided when robots are used for manufacturing. Robots are not human beings, and the fact that they can be used for mining; it confirms that human life cannot be endangered. All in all, robots have various uses. They can also be used in spillage, especially oil spillage. Today, they are used to fight crime. There are some operations that can risk the lives of law enforcement officers in that case robots can be used. Indeed, it is due to various uses of robots, that businesses today find it necessary to use robots. Advantages of robots in relation to the Case Study The first advantage of robots is increased production. In all honesty robots are faster than human beings and they do suffer from fatigue. Due to this, businesses that use robots would also be able to produce faster and have their services delivered quickly to the customers. Thus, businesses today that use faster production ought to use robots. When production is high, it is possible for a business to grow across Australia, because it would have produced products enough to satisfy the need of many customers in Australia. As a result, the business would gain competitive advantage over other businesses that just use human labor (Berlin, 2013). Humans are prone to fatigue and that is to imply that productivity of an organization would always be low, hence making it unable to rival a business that has employed robots. Also, robots promote efficiency and work flow. Robots are properly coded or programmed to perform various tasks and in most cases they work perfectly and in the end, they offer an organization efficient work flow (Berlin, 2013). Remember that the work flow of an organization is important to its success. A business that has an efficient and effective workflow would be able to have its operations stopped at some times. Thus, it is fundamental that this company considers using robots to improve its work flow and indeed when the work flow is improved it would be within the realms of possibility for the organization to achieve its goals forthwith. Robots enhance the health of employees. Remember that adopting a robotic technology does not mean eliminating human labor completely (Harres, 2013). Employees would be needed to carry out some tasks, but those tasks that can risk the health of employees, robots can be used. In actuality, an organization that cares about the welfare of its employees would always succeed, because its human resource will work diligently towards achieving the organizational goals. Therefore, robots should be used to eliminate some health risks to the organizations employees. Robots would always improve the quality of the products. Consumers need businesses that produce products of good quality, and the only way a business can continue producing products of a better quality is by employing the robots. Robots ensure that production goes on well, and uniformity is considered during production (Kuttan, 2013). As a result, the products that would be produced will significantly have a better quality. This only advantage of the robots should be considered by the CEO. The CEO of this company, must know that when the Australian consumers, would always buy goods whose quality is ever excellent and therefore the company should employ robots. Robots do tasks repeatedly without any fatigue. This something that is impossible for labor that is dominated by humans. Human beings are likely to get bored if they perform repetitive tasks. In all honesty, when a human employee is bored, it all means that the organization would not perform optimally and to solve the problem of employing getting fatigued and bored for performing the same task robots should be employed. Thus, in the event this organization adopts the use of robots they would fundamentally benefit from this advantage of robots. Robots are also resistant to wear and tear (Bekey, 2013). Robot can be used for years without breaking down and that would help the organization avoid absenteeism among employees on grounds of sickness. If a robot can be used for years without breaking down that would help the organization operate yearly, without any stop. Unlike an organization that entirely uses human labor, when some come fall sick and some can absent themselves from work. When employees absent themselves from work, business activities are likely to be slowed down. It is now prudent that this organization focuses on using robots to avoid cases of absenteeism and maternity leave that can affect the operations of the organization. In this, the organization would have a competitive edge over an organization depending entirely on human labor. Further, the cost of using robots is low. After acquiring robots, to be honesty an organization will not be paying them salaries and offering some benefits (Bekey, 2013). For human labor, the organization would have to pay high salaries which in all probability reduce the profitability of a business. Therefore, this organization should consider reducing cost by employing robots in its business operations. Note that when salaries are high, the cost of production would always be high and that negatively affects the competitiveness of a business. Disadvantages of robots The most common disadvantage of robots is job loss. Every country today wants to reduce unemployment, have its people work to better their lives and build their nations. However, in the event the organization uses robots in its business operations, it means that several employees would have to lose their jobs (Harres, 2013). They will lose their jobs, because they would be replaced with machine intelligence. Robots have no ability to innovate as human employees. Robots are programmed to work in a certain way, but they do not their own intelligence (Bekey, 2013). As a result, they would never come up with any innovation to solve some problems. It should be known that the success of an organization is dependent on how it innovates. When employees perform various tasks repetitively they always have the ability to innovate, hence giving a business a competitive advantage. For sure, this is something that cannot be done by robots. Robots are very dangerous in the event they malfunction. To be honest, if a robot malfunctions, it will completely be dangerous (Angelo, 2013). A robot is programmed to carry out some tasks, and if it malfunctions it will not be able to do as expected, and it can destroy anything that comes near them. That is to insinuate that robots are dangerous to humans themselves if they malfunction. Robots also do not have conscience or emotions (Robotics: Science and Systems Conference, Durrant-Whyte, Abbeel, 2012). Due to this, they would never interact with human employees, and that is to mean that when a human employee is working with a robot, they would always be bored because the robot will never be able to interact with them. The human interaction at a work station is evidently important because it will motivate employees, and because robots are emotionless, they would never motivate their human counterparts. Ethical, social and legal considerations in Robot Technology The first ethical concern is that robots are threatening the dignity of humans. People are special being with intelligence, but their dignity is lost in the sense that robots are made to look better than humans (Bekey, 2013). Also, it is difficult to trust a robot, and to be candid this organization requires trust in order to build its corporate image. But because most people seem not to trust robots, they would always not trust the organization and its products as well. Also, robots have no ability to judge things whether they are morally right or wrong and as a result it can break some business ethics. Socially, robots would lead to laziness among people and sometimes impair creativity of people. Legally, there are concerns of data privacy, where a robot can share data to the third party (Calo, Froomkin, Kerr, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016). Also, when it comes to damage or injury, there have been questions of who would carry the responsibility. However, looking at the above raised issues, human beings need to be in total control of robots. They should not entirely depend on them and live all responsibilities to tasks. Also, extra care should be exercised to avoid destruction of a robot in case it malfunctions. Recommendations The organization should first consider buying a few robots and have a higher number of human employees. Remember that as the organization transitions to replacing human labor, it is prudent to ensure that robots are introduced one buy one. Thus, the organization should identify its key areas where robots can be introduced and areas where human labor can be used. Also, because this is an organization that seeks to grow and expand across Australia, it is essential to rely heavily on human labor as opposed to the robot labor. This is because, this organizations requires innovation which would give it a competitive edge over its competitors. When discussing the disadvantages of robots, it was elucidated that they do not have the ability to innovate and that to mean that for this organization to progress, it should rely more on human labor (Wallach Asaro, 2016). Let the robots work as assistants not purely as the main employees. Now that robots can do mass production, the company should utilize them in production unit, and leave human beings to handle other tasks. Conclusion It is true that robotics technologies are growing advancing every year, and most high-tech organizations are adopting them. Also, for household use, they are assisting people perform several tasks and in the industrially they are playing a significant role of boosting production. However, robots should not be entirely be used to replace human labor, because a country like Australia wants its people to be employed and be involving directly to nation building. References Angelo, J. A. (2013).Robotics: A reference guide to the new technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Bra?unl, T. (2013).Embedded Robotics: Mobile Robot Design and Applications with Embedded Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Bekey, G. A. (2013).Autonomous robots: From biological inspiration to implementation and control. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Calo, M. R., Froomkin, M., Kerr, I., Edward Elgar Publishing. (2016).Robot law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd. Deb, S., Deb, S. (2013).Robotics technology and flexible automation. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Gupta, A. K., Arora, S. K. (2013).Industrial automation and robotics. New Delhi: University Science Press. Harres, D. (2013).MSP430-based Robot Applications: A Guide to Developing Embedded Systems. Burlington: Elsevier Science. In Siciliano, B., In Khatib, O. (2016).Springer handbook of robotics. International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment, Ruckert, U., Joaquin, S., Felix, W. (2012).Advances in autonomous mini robots: Proceedings of the 6th AMiRE Symposium. Berlin: Springer. In Mohammed, S., In Moreno, J. C., In Kong, K., In Amirat, Y. (2015).Intelligent assistive robots: Recent advances in assistive robotics for everyday activities Kim, K. J., Tadokoro, S. (2014).Electroactive polymers for robotic applications: Artificial muscles and sensors. London: Springer. Kuttan, A. (2013).Robotics. New Delhi: I.K. International Publishing House. Robotics: Science and Systems Conference, Durrant-Whyte, H. F., Roy, N., Abbeel, P. (2012).Robotics: Science and systems VII. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Obdrz?a?lek, D., Gottscheber, A. (2012).Research and Education in Robotics - EUROBOT 2011: International Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, June 15-17, 2011. Proceedings. Todd, D. J. (2015). Fundamentals of robot technology: An introduction to industrial robots, teleoperators and robot vehicles. London: Kogan Page. Wallach, W., Asaro, P. M. (2016).Machine ethics and robot ethics. Aldershot, Hamps: Ashgate Publishing.Bottom of Form

The Cuban Missile Crisis Eyeball to Eyeball Essay Example For Students

The Cuban Missile Crisis: Eyeball to Eyeball Essay Eyeball to Eyeball: America, Cuba and The Soviet UnionAmerica and The Soviets again using other countries for their own warfareExcitement was high for Cuba, when Fidel Castro overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in January 1959. With a heady mixture of nationalism and left wing ideologies US became very cautious for its southern comrades Central and Southern America and perhaps herself. When Castro took over Cuba, the US lost valuable investments in the sugar and tobacco crops of Cuba. Fearing the spread of communism into Americas backyard the US Government imposed a strict economic blockade hoping to starve Castro into US policies. In desperation Castro turned to the soviets for balance of powers to weigh up the balance of communism ideologies. We will write a custom essay on The Cuban Missile Crisis: Eyeball to Eyeball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In February 1960, Castro signed a trade pact with the Soviets, which eventually led to close diplomatic relations. At this time the US Government became more worried that a communist superpower had ventured so close to her borders. By authority of Eisenhower, Cuban Exiles that were in the US at the time were given aid. At the same time the CIA began to train selected groups of the exiles to re enter their homeland and over throw Castros Government. When Kennedy was sworn into parliament in 1961 he took over the proceedings with hesitation for his states security. He advised a plan to invade Cuba once again after Eisenhowers two other invasions failed. This invasion was known well as the Bay of Pigs. In April Kennedy received reports that the invasion failed which boosted Castros prestige and embarrassed Kennedy of his new presidency. When the Bay of Bigs disastrously ended it built up confidence for the soviets and Castro and lowered Kennedy into a worriment of whats to happen next. Early 1962 Khrushchev was convinced of Kennedys weakness after the capture of Gary Powers and that they had ceased to carry out U-2 reconnaissance missions over the Soviet Union for the capture. A while after the Vienna Summit the Soviets formed yet another policy with Cuba of Brinkmanship seeing how far the Americans could be pushed before reacting. Although this strategy was a dangerous one the Soviets were thinking of the opportunities that could arise from this. One was the advantage of an east West balance that the Soviets could start to infiltrate the Americas with their ideologies. The second and most important advantage was the stationing of nuclear missiles close to the United States. Being only 140 Kilometres away from the US coast of Florida it seemed to be the most obvious base for the Soviets. Disturbing reports were received in July of 1962 by the US that showed disturbing Soviet activities on the island. A U-2 in August showed pictures of anti-aircraft facilities around Havana and in October Soviet aircraft capable of carrying nuclear weapons were spotted on the island. But the most worrying evidence of all came in the 14 of October, when another u-2 spotted what appeared to be launch sites for medium range missiles which could reach most US cities. Tow days later Kennedy was informed by his intelligence chiefs that there was no doubt about Soviet intentions. So the president immediately convened a special Executive Committee of his closest advisers to decide on policy moves. One of his closest advisors Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara gave three possibilities the president could take:The first was a political course of action of openly approaching Castro, Khrushchev and U.S. Allies in a gambit to resolve the crisis diplomatically. One of which McNamara and others considered unlikely to succeed. .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 , .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .postImageUrl , .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 , .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:hover , .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:visited , .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:active { border:0!important; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:active , .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5 .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2426591110c1e84a97f9f6ea3d256e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: jackie robinson EssayThe second was a course of action that would involve declaration of open surveillance coupled with a blockade against offensive weapons entering Cuba and military action directed against Cuba, starting an air attack against the missiles. From the proceedings Kennedy decided to initiate a naval blockade against Soviet Ships carrying missile equipment. On the 22 October Kennedy addressed the nation of what was to happen, which was a quarantine around Cuba, where no ships carrying offensive military equipment were allowed to pass. During the quarantine all American forces were to be placed on alert and that any missile attacks from Cuba would be taken as a deliberate Soviet attack and would be responded to accordingly. All eyes were fixed on Cuba and America aware that the slightest naval incident could trigger a nuclear holocaust. On the day of the 25th of October, the US navy intercepted the first of 25 Soviet chartered vessels known to be on their way to Cuba, but did not board her. The Marcula was the next to be stopped and searched the next morning. No offensive weapons were found on the Marcula and were allowed to proceed. A the day progressed the US Navy received reports that the other Soviet ships had halted and that they had turned back. The day after an ultimatum was received from Khrushchev that he would only withdraw his missiles if the US promised not to invade Cuba. The US was short relieved from this news for Khrushchev sent another message stating that the Americans also had to dismantle their missile sites in Turkey and withdraw nuclear weapons from both Britain an Italy, all of which were causing anxiety to the Soviets. Kennedy refused and the crisis yet again seemed to flare up when a U-2 was shot down over Cuba and another, on a routine flight over Alaska, somehow strayed into Soviet airspace. US government was once again put on alert and had to devise a plan to avoid war. So they decided to assumingly ignore the second letter and reply to the first, promising not to invade Cuba. A the end of the 13 day crisis, the Soviets withdrew their missiles from Cuba as soon as the US agreed to demobilize the invasion forces gathered in Florida. Quickly Kennedy agreed and the level of tension decreased. Three decades later a conference was held in Havana, Cuba attended by former Kennedy Administration members, Soviet participants in the crisis, and a Cuban delegation led by Fidel Castro. It was there that the Soviets, Cubans, and Americans learned how close the world had come to a nuclear holocaust. Soviet General Anatoly Gribkov informed participants that, in addition to their intermediate-range ballistic missiles, the Soviets had deployed nine tactical missiles in Cuba to be used against any US invasion force. Even more significantly, General Gribkov stated, Soviet field commanders in Cuba had the authority to fire those tactical nuclear weapons without further direction from the Kremlin. What might of happened had the US invaded Cuba? We can predict the results with certainty, former secretary of defence McNamara answers, then adds, No one should believe that US troops could have been attacked by tactical nuclear warheads without the US responding with nuclear warheads. I presume the delegates in that conference room was thankful that their leaders did the right thing.

Rhetorical Essay Sample - How to Choose Your Subject

Rhetorical Essay Sample - How to Choose Your SubjectBefore you get started on your first debate writing assignment, there is a much more important thing you need to remember: the subject of your text. In fact, it is far more important than just the title or the content of your argument. And it is best to keep that subject in mind as you start writing your essay.The subject is where the power lies. It is where you want to direct your reader's attention. It is the lead in to the rest of your argument. If you can't use the topic of your text to do that, you will find yourself stumbling over your words and your reader will find that he or she doesn't have the time to read your essay, let alone understand it.That is why you need to be sure of your subject before you begin. You can do this by looking at some examples of other arguments and what they are based on. Do they all have the same topic? Or are they all different?Your rhetorical essay should always have a topic. But that is not eno ugh to keep your focus on the point you want to make. Your text needs to be interesting and compelling to make the readers' attention to stay where it belongs. It should create interest, a story line, and help the reader want to learn more.What kind of subject is best for this purpose? There are many, but there are four things you should look for: stories, description, controversy, and persuasive arguments. Each one of these four things is essential to make your argument a success.When you have the exact issue, and the answer to it, it is easy to put forth a well-written piece. It becomes easier to persuade and to read, when you can easily relate it to what the reader already knows. And you can also make the reader want to keep reading if you can make your text as fascinating as the topic is intriguing.So don't worry about the subject of your text as long as you know it, and are able to relate it to the topic of your essay. The difficulty is going to come in relating the topic to yo ur text. Then you need to find ways to make your text fun to read.Finding the key to making your essay a success, to having an effective rhetorical essay is not easy. But with a little patience and experience, you will eventually find the subject of your text and use it to your advantage. Remember to keep the audience in mind as you work, and you will succeed in every essay you write.

The Premature Baby essays

The Premature Baby essays A preterm or premature delivery is defined as the birth of the baby between the twentieth and the thirty-sixth week of pregnancy. A baby born during this time period is called premature. About 8 to 10 percent of babies in the United States and Canada are classified as premature. Preterm labor occurs because the mother goes into labor early. Most of the time there is no reason for this happening. Sometimes it is associated with the following; multiple pregnancy, abnormally shaped uterus, placenta previa, placenta abruption, high fever in the mother, untreated high blood pressure (toxemia), diabetes, sever infections in the mother, emotional and physical trauma. If a mother goes into preterm labor she has a 25 percent of it happening again. There are many complications the delivery of baby prematurely, some of them include; the lungs may not be fully mature, many complications can also arise from the lungs not being fully mature such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and Bronchol Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). Both of these lung diseases can result in long term oxygen administration, and if the baby is out of the hospital re-hospitalization. Other problems with the preterm baby include Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Retinopathy of Prematurity (separation of blood vessels in the eyes), Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IUG), appears in the 30 to 40% of preterm infants usually in the first 72 hours of life. It may range from a Grade I Hemorrhage to a Grade IV hemorrhage. Grade I being the least severe and Grade IV the most severe, also preterm babies are more likely to have jaundice. Do to medical advances in the care of premature babies they are now able to save babies that are a pound and ev en less. Despite these advance prematurity is still the leading cause of death in newborns. The parents of full term newborns are often surprised at the appearance of the babies. Paren ...

Funding cuts due to technology in educational environments Essay

Funding cuts due to technology in educational environments - Essay Example Yet, many of these employees have worked for your institution for years, some are over the age of 55, several have documented physical disabilities, and 25% are ethnic minorities. About half of these employees are part of a strong union, the other half have worked for senior administrators in the organization who have given them glowing annual reports, and three are personal friends of the Board/individuals who hired the CEO. An unknown senior staff member leaked the report to the media and now the internal and external communities are in an uproar. Your CEO called you to her office and has given you 48 hours to identify and analyze the critical implications and issues if she decides to move forward with this action. She requires a clear, concise and persuasive essay presenting your analysis and your immediate and long-term recommendations. She insists that your recommendations be based on research and theory in leadership, change management, communications, interpersonal effectiveness, and the political realities of implementing this change if she decides to go forward with it. In today’s society, organizations undergoing technology-driven transformations must fully comprehend that technology is only one of a variety of inter-related workings which drive organizational performance. A multi-system viewpoint of organizations highlights the interdependencies between an organizations technology, structure and culture, and how these affect organizational processes and behaviors. Thriving technological innovations necessitate that either the technology be created to fit the organizations current arrangement and culture or that the organizational arrangement and culture be remade to fit the strain of the new technology. Therefore, the desired effects of new technology are most often realized in organizations and are able to execute the further changes that are required to maintain an overall fit. The author, as the recently

African American woman working towards better education Research Paper

African American woman working towards better education - Research Paper Example The intensity of pain and discrimination propelled the African American women to fight for liberation in the United States of America. This paper looks into the struggle for African American women to have access to education and voting rights during the civil rights movements. In doing that, this paper examines seven sources. Allen Zita’s account of black women leaders in the social privileges lobby groups contains details on the hardships racial segregation brought to the national stability. Bramlett-Solomon gave an account of Fannie Lou Hamer and civil struggle in the South. Holmes-Norton gives a detailed account of the civil struggle in the South but narrows down to Fannie Lou Hamer courage. She seems to agree with Bramlett-Solomon in many instances. Raymond D’Angelo shared readings and interpretations of the social privileges struggle and the power of political organizations during the struggle. Janice Hamlet gave a detailed account of the unrelenting spirit of the struggle and Fannie Lou Hamer. She appears to be more detailed that Bramlett-Solomon. They wanted to liberate themselves from social oppression. Davis Houck and Dixon analyze the civil unrest happenings from 1954-1965. They give an account of the women who participated in the civil lobby group and their contribution. Angela Jones sheds light of the Niagara movement and the social privileges movement. ... According to A. Zita (1996), the urge to liberate themselves caused them to agitate for freedom and equal rights in the society. The African American men faced similar oppression. The civil rights movement was marked by women being relegated to negligible positions in the society. The men were always at the front lines of leadership, in spite of the fact that it was women who spearheaded the Birmingham bus boycott. Analysis The source is credible since it been confirmed by other sources. The African American women instigated the freedom rides and demonstrations. Women rose to be significant political representatives. Men controlled positions of leadership in organizations and often ignored the contributions from their women counterparts. A telling example is in the year 1963, at the apex of the social constitutional rights lobby group, tens of thousands of black women participated in March on Washington. The women included Fannie Lou Hamer and Jon Ann Robinson. Ella Baker was a women activist who became influential in the movement. However, not a single woman was invited by all male march committee when it came to making a speech in front of the crowd. Bramle1tt-Solomon The women believed that they should be given equal chances with men in all avenues. T2he women were involved in the movements by supporting their male counterparts from behind the scenes. They were able to get fulfillment through supporting the male leaders and activists. Others like Ericka Huggins, Elaine Brown, Shakur and Cleaver remained stubborn. They rejected positions that were of little consequence. According to these women activists, preparing food, typing minutes for the meetings, providing moral support to the male activists, washing dishes and sexually gratifying men were

Inherent Fallacies Essay Example for Free

Inherent Fallacies Essay We humans live in a world were illogical fallacies run rampant. In 12 Angry Men the author illustrates everyday illogical fallacies people have in the setting of a court jury. Jurors: 3, 4, 7 and 10 have their own fallacies that are unique to them in the play; but can be found in common people in everyday people. In 12 Angry Men the illogical fallacy for Juror Number 3 is a general fallacy. This fallacy is the result of an emotional prejudice by juror 3 has as he compares the defendant with his own child. Juror 3 says in the play, You’re right. Its the kids.  The way they are—you know? They dont listen. Ive got a kid. When he was eight years old, he ran away from a fight. I saw him. I was so ashamed, I told him right out, Im gonna make a man out of you or Im gonna bust you up into little pieces trying. When he was fifteen he hit me in the face. Hes big, you know. I havent seen him in three years. Rotten kid! You work your heart out. All right, lets get on with it. (Reginald Rose 8) His emotional prejudice gets in the way of his critically thinking through the evidence because he has emotional conflict with his own son. He is grouping all teens together because of his altercation with his son, and Juror 3 is just punishing the young man on trial because he cannot come to turns with his own failings as a parent with his child. Towards the end of the play Juror 3 is all alone on the vote count; he â€Å"looks around at all of them for a long time. They sit silently, waiting for him to speak, and all of them despise him for his stubbornness. Then, suddenly, his face contorts as if he is about to cry, and he slams his fist down on the table† †¦ (thundering) All right† (30). Juror Number 4 and 10 each has prejudices about slum dwellers. This prejudice gives way to genetic fallacies in each juror’s thinking that at the beginning of the deliberations cause them to vote guilty in the initial preliminary vote. Juror 4, for example, says, Were missing the point here. This boy—lets say hes a product of a filthy neighborhood and a broken home. We cant help that. Were not here to go into the reasons why slums are breeding grounds for criminals. They are. I know it. So do you. The children who come out of slum backgrounds are potential menaces to society. 23) The play says that he is a man of wealth and position. We can also determine this by his attitude about people from the ghetto from his previously mentioned statement. Juror 10 is prejudice for the fact that he came from the slums,I don’t mind telling you, mister. We don’t owe him a thing. He got a fair trial, didn’t he? You know what that trial cost? He’s lucky he got it. Look, we’re all grownups here. You’re not going to tell us that we’re supposed to believe him, knowing what he is. I’ve lived among ’em all my life. You can’t believe a word they say. You know that. 5) This line of thinking also can be seen when Juror 4 tells them, â€Å"Next, the boy claims that on the way home the knife must have fallen through a hole in his coat pocket, that he never saw it again. Now theres a story, gentlemen. You know what actually happened. The boy took the knife home and a few hours later stabbed his father with it and even remembered to wipe off the fingerprints† (9). Juror Number Seven has no need to go over the facts again; he votes with whatever the majority of the vote is deciding. Juror 7 is in a hurry to get to the play he has tickets for as noted on page 3, â€Å"Right. This better be fast. Ive got tickets to The Seven Year Itch tonight. I must be the only guy in the whole world who hasnt seen it yet. (He laughs and sits down. ) Okay, your honor, start the show† (3). His prejudice that gets in the way of him critically thinking through the case is selfishness, which leads to a slippery slope illogical fallacy in the play. He says to the foreman,I dont know, most of its been said already. We can talk all day about this thing, but I think we’re wasting our time. Look at the kids record. At fifteen he was in reform school. He stole a car. Hes been arrested for mugging. He was picked up for knife-fighting. I think they said he stabbed somebody in the arm. This is a very fine boy. (7) This statement highlights the laziness of juror 7 to mean for not necessarily do any of those things correlate with killing his father. The prejudices of all jurors are the basis of the story. These prejudices lead to many illogical fallacies that are shown and resolved throughout the play for each juror. They are attempts by the author to show how every day are riddled with fallacies of logic and how people’s personal conflicts cloud their critical thinking to reason. This play suggests that we all need to examine ourselves before we rush to any type of judgment.